createDeepAgent 具有以下配置选项:
const agent = createDeepAgent({
name?: string,
model?: BaseLanguageModel | string,
tools?: TTools | StructuredTool[],
systemPrompt?: string | SystemMessage,
});
连接弹性
LangChain 聊天模型会自动重试失败的 API 请求,并采用指数退避策略。默认情况下,模型会针对网络错误、速率限制(429)和服务器错误(5xx)最多重试 6 次。像 401(未授权)或 404 这样的客户端错误不会重试。 您可以在创建模型时调整maxRetries 参数,以便根据您的环境调整此行为:
import { ChatAnthropic } from "@langchain/anthropic";
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
const agent = createDeepAgent({
model: new ChatAnthropic({
model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
maxRetries: 10, // 增加以应对不可靠的网络(默认值:6)
timeout: 120_000, // 增加超时时间以应对慢速连接
}),
});
对于在不可靠网络上运行的长时间运行代理任务,建议将
max_retries 增加到 10–15,并将其与 检查点器 配对,以便在故障之间保留进度。模型
默认情况下,deepagents 使用 claude-sonnet-4-6。您可以通过传递任何支持的 或 LangChain 模型对象 来自定义模型。
使用
provider:model 格式(例如 openai:gpt-5)可以快速切换模型。- OpenAI
- Anthropic
- Azure
- Google Gemini
- Bedrock Converse
👉 Read the OpenAI chat model integration docs
npm install @langchain/openai deepagents
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY = "your-api-key";
const agent = createDeepAgent({ model: "gpt-5.2" });
// this calls initChatModel for the specified model with default parameters
// to use specific model parameters, use initChatModel directly
👉 Read the Anthropic chat model integration docs
npm install @langchain/anthropic deepagents
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY = "your-api-key";
const agent = createDeepAgent({ model: "claude-sonnet-4-6" });
// this calls initChatModel for the specified model with default parameters
// to use specific model parameters, use initChatModel directly
👉 Read the Azure chat model integration docs
npm install @langchain/azure deepagents
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
process.env.AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY = "your-api-key";
process.env.AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT = "your-endpoint";
process.env.OPENAI_API_VERSION = "your-api-version";
const agent = createDeepAgent({ model: "azure_openai:gpt-5.2" });
// this calls initChatModel for the specified model with default parameters
// to use specific model parameters, use initChatModel directly
👉 Read the Google GenAI chat model integration docs
npm install @langchain/google-genai deepagents
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
process.env.GOOGLE_API_KEY = "your-api-key";
const agent = createDeepAgent({ model: "google-genai:gemini-2.5-flash-lite" });
// this calls initChatModel for the specified model with default parameters
// to use specific model parameters, use initChatModel directly
👉 Read the AWS Bedrock chat model integration docs
npm install @langchain/aws deepagents
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
// Follow the steps here to configure your credentials:
// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/getting-started.html
const agent = createDeepAgent({ model: "bedrock:gpt-5.2" });
// this calls initChatModel for the specified model with default parameters
// to use specific model parameters, use initChatModel directly
工具
除了用于规划、文件管理和子代理生成的 内置工具 之外,您还可以提供自定义工具:import { tool } from "langchain";
import { TavilySearch } from "@langchain/tavily";
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
import { z } from "zod";
const internetSearch = tool(
async ({
query,
maxResults = 5,
topic = "general",
includeRawContent = false,
}: {
query: string;
maxResults?: number;
topic?: "general" | "news" | "finance";
includeRawContent?: boolean;
}) => {
const tavilySearch = new TavilySearch({
maxResults,
tavilyApiKey: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEY,
includeRawContent,
topic,
});
return await tavilySearch._call({ query });
},
{
name: "internet_search",
description: "运行网络搜索",
schema: z.object({
query: z.string().describe("搜索查询"),
maxResults: z.number().optional().default(5),
topic: z
.enum(["general", "news", "finance"])
.optional()
.default("general"),
includeRawContent: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
}),
},
);
const agent = createDeepAgent({
tools: [internetSearch],
});
系统提示
Deep Agents 自带内置系统提示。默认系统提示包含使用内置规划工具、文件系统工具和子代理的详细指令。 当中间件添加特殊工具(如文件系统工具)时,它们会被附加到系统提示中。 每个深度代理还应包含针对其特定用例的自定义系统提示:import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
const researchInstructions =
"你是一名专家研究员。" +
"你的工作是进行彻底的研究,然后" +
"撰写一份精美的报告。";
const agent = createDeepAgent({
systemPrompt: researchInstructions,
});
中间件
默认情况下,Deep Agents 可以访问以下 中间件:TodoListMiddleware:跟踪和管理待办事项列表,以组织代理任务和作业FilesystemMiddleware:处理文件系统操作,如读取、写入和导航目录SubAgentMiddleware:生成和协调子代理,以便将任务委托给专用代理SummarizationMiddleware:压缩消息历史记录,以便在对话变长时保持在上下文限制内AnthropicPromptCachingMiddleware:在使用 Anthropic 模型时自动减少冗余令牌处理PatchToolCallsMiddleware:当工具调用在收到结果之前被中断或取消时,自动修复消息历史记录
MemoryMiddleware:当提供memory参数时,跨会话持久化和检索对话上下文SkillsMiddleware:当提供skills参数时启用自定义技能HumanInTheLoopMiddleware:当提供interruptOn参数时,在指定点暂停以获取人类批准或输入
预构建中间件
LangChain 暴露了其他预构建中间件,让您能够添加各种功能,如重试、降级或 PII 检测。有关更多信息,请参阅 预构建中间件。deepagents 包也暴露了 createSummarizationMiddleware 用于相同的工作流程。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 Harness 中的摘要。
自定义中间件
您可以提供额外的中间件来扩展功能、添加工具或实现自定义钩子:import { tool, createMiddleware } from "langchain";
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
import * as z from "zod";
const getWeather = tool(
({ city }: { city: string }) => {
return `The weather in ${city} is sunny.`;
},
{
name: "get_weather",
description: "Get the weather in a city.",
schema: z.object({
city: z.string(),
}),
}
);
let callCount = 0;
const logToolCallsMiddleware = createMiddleware({
name: "LogToolCallsMiddleware",
wrapToolCall: async (request, handler) => {
// 拦截并记录每次工具调用 - 演示横切关注点
callCount += 1;
const toolName = request.toolCall.name;
console.log(`[中间件] 工具调用 #${callCount}: ${toolName}`);
console.log(
`[中间件] 参数:${JSON.stringify(request.toolCall.args)}`
);
// 执行工具调用
const result = await handler(request);
// 记录结果
console.log(`[中间件] 工具调用 #${callCount} 完成`);
return result;
},
});
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
model: "claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
tools: [getWeather] as any,
middleware: [logToolCallsMiddleware] as any,
});
初始化后不要修改属性如果您需要在钩子调用之间跟踪值(例如计数器或累积数据),请使用图状态。
图状态按设计是针对线程范围的,因此更新在并发下是安全的。这样做:不要这样做:就地修改,例如在
const customMiddleware = createMiddleware({
name: "CustomMiddleware",
beforeAgent: async (state) => {
return { x: (state.x ?? 0) + 1 }; // 更新图状态而不是直接修改
},
});
let x = 1;
const customMiddleware = createMiddleware({
name: "CustomMiddleware",
beforeAgent: async () => {
x += 1; // 修改会导致竞态条件
},
});
beforeAgent 中修改 state.x、在 beforeAgent 中修改共享变量或在钩子中更改其他共享值,可能会导致细微的错误和竞态条件,因为许多操作是并发运行的(子代理、并行工具和不同线程上的并行调用)。有关使用自定义属性扩展状态的完整详细信息,请参阅 自定义中间件 - 自定义状态模式。
如果您必须在自定义中间件中使用修改,请考虑当子代理、并行工具或并发代理调用同时运行时会发生什么。子代理
为了隔离详细工作并避免上下文膨胀,请使用子代理:import { tool } from "langchain";
import { TavilySearch } from "@langchain/tavily";
import { createDeepAgent, type SubAgent } from "deepagents";
import { z } from "zod";
const internetSearch = tool(
async ({
query,
maxResults = 5,
topic = "general",
includeRawContent = false,
}: {
query: string;
maxResults?: number;
topic?: "general" | "news" | "finance";
includeRawContent?: boolean;
}) => {
const tavilySearch = new TavilySearch({
maxResults,
tavilyApiKey: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEY,
includeRawContent,
topic,
});
return await tavilySearch._call({ query });
},
{
name: "internet_search",
description: "Run a web search",
schema: z.object({
query: z.string().describe("The search query"),
maxResults: z.number().optional().default(5),
topic: z
.enum(["general", "news", "finance"])
.optional()
.default("general"),
includeRawContent: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
}),
},
);
const researchSubagent: SubAgent = {
name: "research-agent",
description: "Used to research more in depth questions",
systemPrompt: "You are a great researcher",
tools: [internetSearch],
model: "openai:gpt-5.2", // Optional override, defaults to main agent model
};
const subagents = [researchSubagent];
const agent = createDeepAgent({
model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
subagents,
});
后端
深度代理工具可以使用虚拟文件系统来存储、访问和编辑文件。默认情况下,Deep Agents 使用StateBackend。
如果您正在使用 技能 或 记忆,您必须在创建代理之前将预期的技能或记忆文件添加到后端。
- StateBackend
- FilesystemBackend
- LocalShellBackend
- StoreBackend
- CompositeBackend
存储在
langgraph 状态中的临时文件系统后端。此文件系统仅 在一个线程内 持久存在。import { createDeepAgent, StateBackend } from "deepagents";
// 默认情况下,我们提供 StateBackend
const agent = createDeepAgent();
// 底层实现如下
const agent2 = createDeepAgent({
backend: (rt) => new StateBackend(rt), // 注意工具通过 runtime.state 访问状态
});
本地机器的文件系统。
此后端授予代理直接的文件系统读写访问权限。
请谨慎使用,仅在合适的环境中使用。
有关更多信息,请参阅
FilesystemBackend。import { createDeepAgent, FilesystemBackend } from "deepagents";
const agent = createDeepAgent({
backend: new FilesystemBackend({ rootDir: ".", virtualMode: true }),
});
直接在主机上执行 Shell 的文件系统。提供文件系统工具以及用于运行命令的
execute 工具。此后端授予代理直接的文件系统读写访问权限 以及 在您主机上的无限制 Shell 执行权限。
请极其谨慎使用,仅在合适的环境中使用。
有关更多信息,请参阅
LocalShellBackend。import { createDeepAgent, LocalShellBackend } from "deepagents";
const backend = new LocalShellBackend({ workingDirectory: "." });
const agent = createDeepAgent({ backend });
提供 跨线程持久化 长期存储的文件系统。
import { createDeepAgent, StoreBackend } from "deepagents";
import { InMemoryStore } from "@langchain/langgraph";
const store = new InMemoryStore(); // Good for local dev; omit for LangSmith Deployment
const agent = createDeepAgent({
backend: (rt) => new StoreBackend(rt, {
namespace: (ctx) => [ctx.runtime.context.userId],
}),
store
});
When deploying to LangSmith Deployment, omit the
store parameter. The platform automatically provisions a store for your agent.namespace 参数控制数据隔离。对于多用户部署,始终设置 命名空间工厂 以按用户或租户隔离数据。一个灵活的后端,您可以在其中指定文件系统中的不同路由指向不同的后端。
import { createDeepAgent, CompositeBackend, StateBackend, StoreBackend } from "deepagents";
import { InMemoryStore } from "@langchain/langgraph";
const compositeBackend = (rt) => new CompositeBackend(
new StateBackend(rt),
{
"/memories/": new StoreBackend(rt),
}
);
const store = new InMemoryStore()
const agent = createDeepAgent({ backend: compositeBackend, store });
沙箱
沙箱是专门的 后端,它们在具有自己的文件系统和用于 Shell 命令的execute 工具的隔离环境中运行代理代码。
当您希望深度代理写入文件、安装依赖项和运行命令而不更改本地机器上的任何内容时,请使用沙箱后端。
您可以通过在创建深度代理时将沙箱后端传递给 backend 来配置沙箱:
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
import { ChatAnthropic } from "@langchain/anthropic";
import { DenoSandbox } from "@langchain/deno";
// Create and initialize the sandbox
const sandbox = await DenoSandbox.create({
memoryMb: 1024,
lifetime: "10m",
});
try {
const agent = createDeepAgent({
model: new ChatAnthropic({ model: "claude-opus-4-6" }),
systemPrompt: "You are a JavaScript coding assistant with sandbox access.",
backend: sandbox,
});
const result = await agent.invoke({
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content:
"Create a simple HTTP server using Deno.serve and test it with curl",
},
],
});
} finally {
await sandbox.close();
}
人机回环
某些工具操作可能很敏感,需要执行前获得人类批准。 您可以为每个工具配置批准:import { tool } from "langchain";
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
import { MemorySaver } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { z } from "zod";
const deleteFile = tool(
async ({ path }: { path: string }) => {
return `Deleted ${path}`;
},
{
name: "delete_file",
description: "Delete a file from the filesystem.",
schema: z.object({
path: z.string(),
}),
},
);
const readFile = tool(
async ({ path }: { path: string }) => {
return `Contents of ${path}`;
},
{
name: "read_file",
description: "Read a file from the filesystem.",
schema: z.object({
path: z.string(),
}),
},
);
const sendEmail = tool(
async ({ to, subject, body }: { to: string; subject: string; body: string }) => {
return `Sent email to ${to}`;
},
{
name: "send_email",
description: "Send an email.",
schema: z.object({
to: z.string(),
subject: z.string(),
body: z.string(),
}),
},
);
// Checkpointer is REQUIRED for human-in-the-loop
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
const agent = createDeepAgent({
model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
tools: [deleteFile, readFile, sendEmail],
interruptOn: {
delete_file: true, // Default: approve, edit, reject
read_file: false, // No interrupts needed
send_email: { allowedDecisions: ["approve", "reject"] }, // No editing
},
checkpointer, // Required!
});
技能
您可以使用 技能 为您的深度代理提供新的能力和专业知识。 虽然 工具 通常涵盖低级功能,如原生文件系统操作或规划,但技能可以包含完成任务的详细指令、参考信息和其他资源,例如模板。 这些文件仅在代理确定该技能对当前提示有用时才由代理加载。 这种渐进式披露减少了代理在启动时必须考虑的令牌和上下文数量。 有关示例技能,请参阅 深度代理示例技能。 要将技能添加到您的深度代理,请将它们作为参数传递给create_deep_agent:
- StateBackend
- StoreBackend
- FilesystemBackend
import { createDeepAgent, type FileData } from "deepagents";
import { MemorySaver } from "@langchain/langgraph";
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
function createFileData(content: string): FileData {
const now = new Date().toISOString();
return {
content: content.split("\n"),
created_at: now,
modified_at: now,
};
}
const skillsFiles: Record<string, FileData> = {};
const skillUrl =
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagentsjs/refs/heads/main/examples/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md";
const response = await fetch(skillUrl);
const skillContent = await response.text();
skillsFiles["/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md"] = createFileData(skillContent);
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
checkpointer,
// IMPORTANT: deepagents skill source paths are virtual (POSIX) paths relative to the backend root.
skills: ["/skills/"],
});
const config = {
configurable: {
thread_id: `thread-${Date.now()}`,
},
};
const result = await agent.invoke(
{
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "what is langraph? Use the langgraph-docs skill if available.",
},
],
files: skillsFiles,
},
config,
);
import { createDeepAgent, StoreBackend, type FileData } from "deepagents";
import {
InMemoryStore,
MemorySaver,
type BaseStore,
} from "@langchain/langgraph";
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
const store = new InMemoryStore();
function createFileData(content: string): FileData {
const now = new Date().toISOString();
return {
content: content.split("\n"),
created_at: now,
modified_at: now,
};
}
const skillUrl =
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagentsjs/refs/heads/main/examples/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md";
const response = await fetch(skillUrl);
const skillContent = await response.text();
const fileData = createFileData(skillContent);
await store.put(["filesystem"], "/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md", fileData);
const backendFactory = (config: { state: unknown; store?: BaseStore }) => {
return new StoreBackend({
state: config.state,
store: config.store ?? store,
});
};
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
backend: backendFactory,
store: store,
checkpointer,
// IMPORTANT: deepagents skill source paths are virtual (POSIX) paths relative to the backend root.
skills: ["/skills/"],
});
const config = {
recursionLimit: 50,
configurable: {
thread_id: `thread-${Date.now()}`,
},
};
const result = await agent.invoke(
{
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "what is langraph? Use the langgraph-docs skill if available.",
},
],
},
config,
);
import { createDeepAgent, FilesystemBackend } from "deepagents";
import { MemorySaver } from "@langchain/langgraph";
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
const backend = new FilesystemBackend({ rootDir: process.cwd() });
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
backend,
skills: ["./examples/skills/"],
interruptOn: {
read_file: true,
write_file: true,
delete_file: true,
},
checkpointer, // Required!
});
const config = {
configurable: {
thread_id: `thread-${Date.now()}`,
},
};
const result = await agent.invoke(
{
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "what is langraph? Use the langgraph-docs skill if available.",
},
],
},
config,
);
记忆
使用AGENTS.md 文件 为您的深度代理提供额外上下文。
您可以在创建深度代理时将一个或多个文件路径传递给 memory 参数:
- StateBackend
- StoreBackend
- Filesystem
import { createDeepAgent, type FileData } from "deepagents";
import { MemorySaver } from "@langchain/langgraph";
const AGENTS_MD_URL =
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagents/refs/heads/main/examples/text-to-sql-agent/AGENTS.md";
async function fetchText(url: string): Promise<string> {
const res = await fetch(url);
if (!res.ok) {
throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${url}: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
}
return await res.text();
}
const agentsMd = await fetchText(AGENTS_MD_URL);
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
function createFileData(content: string): FileData {
const now = new Date().toISOString();
return {
content: content.split("\n"),
created_at: now,
modified_at: now,
};
}
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
memory: ["/AGENTS.md"],
checkpointer: checkpointer,
});
const result = await agent.invoke(
{
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "Please tell me what's in your memory files.",
},
],
// 引导默认 StateBackend 的状态内文件系统(虚拟路径必须以 "/" 开头)。
files: { "/AGENTS.md": createFileData(agentsMd) },
},
{ configurable: { thread_id: "12345" } }
);
import { createDeepAgent, StoreBackend, type FileData } from "deepagents";
import {
InMemoryStore,
MemorySaver,
type BaseStore,
} from "@langchain/langgraph";
const AGENTS_MD_URL =
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagents/refs/heads/main/examples/text-to-sql-agent/AGENTS.md";
async function fetchText(url: string): Promise<string> {
const res = await fetch(url);
if (!res.ok) {
throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${url}: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
}
return await res.text();
}
const agentsMd = await fetchText(AGENTS_MD_URL);
function createFileData(content: string): FileData {
const now = new Date().toISOString();
return {
content: content.split("\n"),
created_at: now,
modified_at: now,
};
}
const store = new InMemoryStore();
const fileData = createFileData(agentsMd);
await store.put(["filesystem"], "/AGENTS.md", fileData);
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
const backendFactory = (config: { state: unknown; store?: BaseStore }) => {
return new StoreBackend({
state: config.state,
store: config.store ?? store,
});
};
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
backend: backendFactory,
store: store,
checkpointer: checkpointer,
memory: ["/AGENTS.md"],
});
const result = await agent.invoke(
{
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "Please tell me what's in your memory files.",
},
],
},
{ configurable: { thread_id: "12345" } }
);
import { createDeepAgent, FilesystemBackend } from "deepagents";
import { MemorySaver } from "@langchain/langgraph";
// 检查点器对于人机回环是必需的
const checkpointer = new MemorySaver();
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
backend: (config) =>
new FilesystemBackend({ rootDir: "/Users/user/{project}" }),
memory: ["./AGENTS.md", "./.deepagents/AGENTS.md"],
interruptOn: {
read_file: true,
write_file: true,
delete_file: true,
},
checkpointer, // Required!
});
结构化输出
Deep Agents 支持 结构化输出。 您可以通过将所需的结构化输出模式作为responseFormat 参数传递给 createDeepAgent() 调用来设置它。
当模型生成结构化数据时,它会被捕获、验证,并返回在代理状态的 ‘structuredResponse’ 键中。
import { tool } from "langchain";
import { TavilySearch } from "@langchain/tavily";
import { createDeepAgent } from "deepagents";
import { z } from "zod";
const internetSearch = tool(
async ({
query,
maxResults = 5,
topic = "general",
includeRawContent = false,
}: {
query: string;
maxResults?: number;
topic?: "general" | "news" | "finance";
includeRawContent?: boolean;
}) => {
const tavilySearch = new TavilySearch({
maxResults,
tavilyApiKey: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEY,
includeRawContent,
topic,
});
return await tavilySearch._call({ query });
},
{
name: "internet_search",
description: "Run a web search",
schema: z.object({
query: z.string().describe("The search query"),
maxResults: z.number().optional().default(5),
topic: z
.enum(["general", "news", "finance"])
.optional()
.default("general"),
includeRawContent: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
}),
}
);
const weatherReportSchema = z.object({
location: z.string().describe("The location for this weather report"),
temperature: z.number().describe("Current temperature in Celsius"),
condition: z
.string()
.describe("Current weather condition (e.g., sunny, cloudy, rainy)"),
humidity: z.number().describe("Humidity percentage"),
windSpeed: z.number().describe("Wind speed in km/h"),
forecast: z.string().describe("Brief forecast for the next 24 hours"),
});
const agent = await createDeepAgent({
responseFormat: weatherReportSchema,
tools: [internetSearch],
});
const result = await agent.invoke({
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: "What's the weather like in San Francisco?",
},
],
});
console.log(result.structuredResponse);
// {
// location: 'San Francisco, California',
// temperature: 18.3,
// condition: 'Sunny',
// humidity: 48,
// windSpeed: 7.6,
// forecast: 'Clear skies with temperatures remaining mild. High of 18°C (64°F) during the day, dropping to around 11°C (52°F) at night.'
// }
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